Free Flashcards about Stack #4367033 (2025)

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etorphine (M-99) synthetic opioid; analgesic effects 1000 times more potent than morphine
etorphine (M-99) uses: immobilization of zoo & exotic animals (elephants)
etorphine notes: diprenorphine is the antagonist agent (mixed up PRIOR to etorphine being handled), etorphine is FATAL in humans & can be absorbed through skin
hydrocodone (tussigon, hycodan) synthetic opioid
hydrocodone (tussigon, hycodan) uses: antitussive, behavioral modification, NOT used to control pain
hydrocodone (tussigon, hycodan) side effects: sedation & vomiting
codeine synthetic opioid
codeine uses: antitussive in dogs, pain relief when combined with acetaminophen
codeine side effects: sedation with higher doses
tramadol centrally acting opioid agonist that has primarily mu receptor activity
tramadol uses: mild analgesic effects, antitussive in dogs & cats
tramadol side effects: sedation, GI upset (anorexia, vomiting)
loperamide (immodium) antidiarrheal agent for dogs, sold over the counter
apomorphine synthetic opioid that stimulates the chemoreceptor trigger zone (induces vomiting)
lidocaine local anesthetic, can be used to prevent laryngospasms in cats & pigs
lidocaine side effects: neurologic & cardiovascular toxicity
proparacaine topical anesthetic used in ophthalmic procedures
tetracaine topical anesthetic, not absorbed systemically
mepivacaine has little tissue reaction, good in equine patients
bupivacaine longer onset of action than lidocaine (20-30 min) & duration of action is 4-6 hr
bupivacaine administration never admin IV since it causes profound CV collapse & potentially death. has a more narrow therapeutic index
nocita bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension, injected into tissues near incisional site at time of closure
nocita uses dogs undergoing a cranial cruciate ligament surgery, cats undergoing onychectomy
glucocorticoids (cortisol) anti-inflammatory that inhibits phospholipase
glucocorticoids uses: inflammation, allergic reactions, systemic diseases, neoplasia, & termination of late stage pregnancy
glucocorticoids side effects delay wound healing, increased risk of infection, GI ulceration & bleeding, increased risk of corneal ulceration, PU/PD, polyphagia, thinning of skin, muscle wasting, osteoporosis, CBC changes, & increases BG levels
prednisone must be converted to prednisolone in the liver to be effective
NSAIDs completely or selectively inhibit the enzyme cyclooxygenase, inhibit only a bit of lipoxygenase, do not affect phospholipase
can cats metabolize aspirin? no, due to relative deficiency of the enzyme glucuronyl transerase
NSAID side effects: gastric ulceration, gastric bleeding, bone marrow suppression, renal necrosis, liver toxicity, & increased risk of bleeding
Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) potent inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis (by inhibiting cyclooxygenase)
Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) uses: analgesic, antipyretic & anti-inflammatory. reduced platelet aggregation
Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) signs of toxicity: anorexia, abdominal pain, GI upset, melena, lethargy, bleeding problems, neurologic problems, renal failure (PU/PD)
phenylbutazone (AKA- bute) inhibits prostoglandin synthesis by inhibiting cyclooxygenase. used in equine medicine
phenylbutazone (AKA- bute) uses: mild to moderate anti-inflammatory, antipyretic & analgesic properties. use care in animals with low albumin levels
phenylbutazone (AKA- bute) formulations: paste, tablet, pwder, gel & injectable forms
phenylbutazone (AKA- bute) use in dairy cattles: banned from use in dairy cattle due to blood disorders it can cause in people
propionic acid deriatives ibuprofen, ketoprofen, carprofen (rimadyl), & naproxen (equiproxen)
propionic acid derivatives uses: analgesic, antipyretic & anti-inflammatory properties
ketoprofen (ketofen) blocks cyclooxygenase & lipoxygenase. approved for use in horses
carprofen (rimadyl) blocks cyclooxygenase-2, approved for use in dogs, believed to target cox-2 (limited GI side effects), rare liver toxicities have been reported esp. in labs
naproxen (equiproxen) blocks cyclooxygenase; approved for use in horses
cox-2 selective inhibitors meloxicam, robenacoxib, deracoxib, & firocoxib
meloxicam (metacam) used in dogs & cats; caution in cats for pain, inflammation & fever. used in cattle for mastitis
robenacoxib (onsior) approved for use in cats (oral & inj.) & dogs (oral)
deracoxib (deramaxx) control of postoperative pain & inflammation. approved for use in dogs only
firocoxib (equioxx, previcox) used in dogs (chewable) & horses (oral paste)
flunixin meglumine (banamine) potent inhibitor of cyclooxygenase; approved for use in horses & cattle, may effect parturition
flunixin meglumine (banamine) uses: treats inflammation, colic, musculoskeletal pain & fevers
acetaminophen (tylenol) toxic to dogs, cats, ferrets & other species. can lead to methemoglobinemia in cats, toxicity treated with n-acetylcysteine
grapipant (galliprant) prostaglandin E2 EP4 receptor antagonist
grapipant (galliprant) side effects: vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, lethargy, buccal ulcers

Created by: emilywalburn

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